5 Common Errors in Punctuating Appositives

5 Common Errors in Punctuating Appositives 5 Common Errors in Punctuating Appositives 5 Common Errors in Punctuating Appositives By Mark Nichol An appositive is a word or expression that alludes to a similar thought as another word or expression in closeness. The expression â€Å"my companion John† contains two appositives, on the grounds that â€Å"my friend† and â€Å"John† are two different ways of distinguishing that individual I know well. For some authors, how to intersperse appositives is dangerous. Here are some wrong employments of accentuation with appositives: 1. â€Å"My sister Jane is a pain.† Regardless of whether this sentence is right or not, really, relies upon explicit information: Does the author have more than one sister? Assuming this is the case, the sentence is right. If not, this sister’s name ought to be set off by commas, and an explaining modifier like more established (except if there are at least two sisters of more prominent age) going before her name would be useful. On the off chance that you’re altering such a sentence, and you don’t have subtleties, it’s best to overlook commas. (Customarily, father or mother would suggest that the individual being referred to is on a totally different level or herself, requiring commas, yet it’s conceivable to have more than one of each.) 2. â€Å"This year’s spotlights incorporate a tribute to Asian American film legend, Anna May Wong.† On the off chance that the sentence alluded prohibitively to â€Å"the first Asian American famous actor, Anna May Wong† (she is the main individual in the class â€Å"first Asian American film star†), the comma would be right. Be that as it may, the descriptive expression â€Å"Asian American film legend† is only what is known as an impermanent sobriquet; it could allude to others also. The blunder maybe gets from disarray with the right development â€Å"Anna May Wong, the Asian American film legend.† But with no guarantees, the sentence ought to have no comma. 3. â€Å"The normal assembling laborer earned $44,680 a year ago, as indicated by the New York-based research firm, Towers Perrin.† This blunder reflects that in the former model; it can distress references to lifeless elements just as depictions of individuals. The comma going before the firm’s name mistakenly suggests that just a single New York-based research firm exists, and it is subsequently incorrect (except if there was a past reference, not by name, to the particular organization). 4. â€Å"The swarm was being situated for the exhibition artist’s most current show Say No More.† The contrary issue is in plain view here. The expression â€Å"newest show† confines the show title; just one show by the presentation craftsman can be their most up to date, so a prohibitive comma after show is essential. The expression â€Å"the execution artist’s show Say No More,† be that as it may, incorporates no qualifiers and in this way requires no comma. 5. â€Å"I read the book, The Chicago Manual of Style, from spread to cover in one sitting.† In trumpeting this masochistic accomplishment, the author is recommending that the volume being referred to is the just one in presence; it is â€Å"the book.† But bookworms have different choices, so the essayist should regard that lucky truth by overlooking the two commas from this sentence. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Punctuation class, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:7 Examples of Passive Voice (And How To Fix Them)Latin Plural Endings5 Examples of Misplaced Modifiers

American Pragmatism and Analytic Philosophy

American Pragmatism and Analytic Philosophy Logic and scientific way of thinking are viewed as the two renowned conventions in American way of thinking. Scientific way of thinking began its improvement in the XX century and spread over various English-talking nations in quite a while. American sober mindedness is one of the propensities, which impressively impacted the ascent of scientific way of thinking in the entire world. Promoting We will compose a custom paper test on American Pragmatism and Analytic Philosophy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More American way of thinking pulls in the consideration of numerous individuals and is regarded by different societies and methods of reasoning. Together, diagnostic way of thinking and practicality become one of the most one of a kind American developments, which vary from various perspectives from European way of thinking at indeed the very same timeframe and merit acknowledgment and regard. Charles Peirce was a dad of sober mindedness and introduced the down to earth adage toward the finish of the 19 century. â€Å"Pragmatism, particularly in the hands of Peirce, has solid affinities with logical way of thinking and in this manner arranged the ground for the latter’s good gathering from the 1930s onwards.† (Glock 2008) It is important to concede that logic was likewise appeared differently in relation to scientific way of thinking and even associated with mainland one. As indicated by Peirce, logic was a development that dismissed all thoughts of subjectivism and underlined the significance of genuine impacts and truth. Mulling over that logical way of thinking grounds on the thoughts that all contentions are essentially significant for individuals, it is very conceivable to join realism and diagnostic way of thinking and demonstrate their capacity, sense, and uniqueness. The agents of American systematic way of thinking accept that they can accomplish the attractive objectives and fathom the quintessence of this life be met hods for investigation of language and regard to all characteristic science. American individuals are viewed as rather down to earth; they want to utilize clear and solid confirmations so as to demonstrate their perspectives. In such cases, their words will be barely brought in questions, and most by far of individuals will effortlessly acknowledge their thoughts. With the assistance of the thoughts taken from normal sciences, their careful investigation, and convergence of truth, American thinkers can without much of a stretch present the fundamental contentions and astound the individuals everywhere throughout the world. Loads of European thinkers consider logic as the method of how Americans manage truth, their insight, and confirmations. They likewise discover a profound association between diagnostic way of thinking and sober mindedness as they have similar objectives, angles, and a specific association with science. Publicizing Looking for article on reasoning? How about we ch eck whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such goals to get a handle on reality and follow just solid ways during life raise American way of thinking impressively. These days, American way of thinking is related with American practicality that may handily scrutinize all customary philosophical thoughts with the assistance of logical and even social turns of events. Loads of individuals despite everything accept that â€Å"pragmatism is the main exceptional commitment American way of thinking has made to the convention known as Western philosophy.† (Hammer 2003) However, it is important to concede that without appropriate commitment of systematic way of thinking, logic will scarcely make the progress that American way of thinking has these days. Individuals need to have confidence in something, and they have to have certain ideas to depend on. This is the reason the conventions, offered by the agents of sober mindedness and investigative way of thinking, for example, Charles Peirce, William James, and John Dewey, hugeness of contentions, and truth end up being fairly remarkable and significant for Americans, recognize American way of thinking from different nations, countries, and their customs, and make a ton of European rationalist regard the picked approaches. Reference List Glock, H. J. (2008). What Is Analytic Philosophy? Cambridge University Press. Mallet, M. G. (2003). American Pragmatism: A Religious Genealogy. Oxford University Press US. Layout Introduction Main Body: Pragmatism Analytic Philosophy European Attitude to American Philosophy Conclusion

When three worlds mee essays

At the point when three universes mee articles Toward the finish of the fifteenth century, Christopher Columbus started an excursion. His excursion would get under way, the social crash, of another world. This new world would now be the new home for Europeans, Africans, and a changed home for Native Americans. The occupants of this new world would discover comfort in their likenesses and trouble in their disparities. Be that as it may, it is in these likenesses and contrasts that will shape and make their new land. The likenesses and contrasts, of these differing individuals, were many. We will concentrate on their social orders, work rehearses, religions, societies, legislative issues, and the relationship of people inside these points. These points themselves are different and as we will discover the impact of these various individuals helped shape the America we know today. The way of life we perceive today of European, African, and Native American are very extraordinary in examination from them in the fifteenth century. The Europeans of that time lived in a man centric culture, in this general public men where the predominant power. The measure of control or force each man had was just founded on their bloodlines. This was a patrilineal way. Your status in the public eye depended on who your dad was and the higher your dad was on the political stepping stool, the higher the status, his family would get. For instance, the more youthful children of an English honorable, who were inadequate with regards to property at home, were given new land to reign over in the new world. (www.pbs.org) This English honorability sentiment of prevalence overflowed into their work rehearses also. The work practices of the Europeans were explicitly differing and frequently unbending. The men assumed the predominant job at home. The men were spouse, father, rancher, jack of all trades, defender, and supplier. While the ladies were left with mother, spouse, performer, field hand, house keeper, and cook. There was an extraordinary gap between the genders. Ladies didn't possess property and had scarcely any rights... <!

Trade relations between India and China from the beginning to 1500 AD Essay

Exchange relations among India and China from the earliest starting point to 1500 AD - Essay Example The point of this examination paper is to explore the historical backdrop of India-China exchange relations from old occasions till sixteenth century. There were a few exchange places which filled in as basic business exchanges between the two nations. The significant exchange places India were Puskalavati, Taxila, Tamralipti, Kanchi, and so forth. Puskalavati is viewed as the main door of old India and was the most huge business store since it contributed effectively in business exchange among India and China in the primary century A.D. During the time of Sakas and Kusanas, exchange among India and China was done through Puskalavati. Taxila was the center of worldwide exchange and was fundamental exchange course among India and Central Asia (Shaffer, 123). It additionally helped western merchants in their exchange with China. Chinese shippers used to come to Kanchi through outside boats to purchase pearls, glass, valuable stones and other Indian items and traded gold and silver. Tamralipti was another significant port in Bengal which conveyed exchange joins with China (Shaffer, 129). Canton was the basic Chinese city which had bui lt up exchange joins India. Other significant exchange interfaces among China and India included Ping-Yang and Kwi-Yang. Exchange relations between the two nations existed during the Madagh-Maurya time of fifth and 6th hundreds of years B.C. The Gupta time frame further demonstrates it. 6th Century BC shows the major time frame in Chinese history in light of the fact that the State of Tsin had presented significant alterations in financial and political fields (Eberhard, 34). This had expanded the business connection between India through land courses. During 6th century B.C, India and China made the most of the exchange openings that existed. The Indian muslin silk material had caught the worldwide market which additionally assisted with promoting the Chinese silk. Extraordinary requests for Chinese silk from everywhere throughout the world came and

Biomedical Ethics Essaypilot

The growing complexity in the field of medicine see the need for medically ethical behavior and differentiating them from the moral behavior. Moral behavior is based on what the society accept as good or bad. Ethical behavior is referred to by the principles based on the concept of whether something is good or bad. It is of utmost importance while making ethical decision to consider and balance the rights of an individual the views of the society and the desires and wishes of those close to the individual. The complexity of medical decisions today calls for the practice of bioethics in decision making. Bioethics include almost all fields that relate to the medical practices and how they interlink with each other. Therefore the bioethicists are hospital staffs that well equipped in other fields like philosophy, psychology, humanities, law, socials science and religion. They are therefore medical professionals that help the families and the patients to make rational decisions especially of these patients whose life is on the verge of ending. Euthanasia is the act of taking away someones life for the sake of mercy to relive great suffering. It is an issue in health that has risen a lot of controversy and argument whether it is good or bad. It evokes all kind of emotions to the society, the family of the patient and the patient. With the help of the bioethicists, the autonomy and the decision of the patient is respected so that the patient can decide their lives. In particular, this paper discusses euthanasia, that in support and against the concept. Though seen as representing a particular practice, there are different types of euthanasia which include passive voluntary euthanasia where medical treatment is withheld from the patient at the patient request for it to end the patients life. Active voluntary euthanasia occurs when there is medical intervention at the request of the patient to end their life. Passive involuntary on the other hand occurs when medical treatment is withheld or withdrawn from the patient but not at their request to end their lives. Lastly, active involuntary euthanasia occurs when medical intervention is undertaken but also not at the request of the patient to end the life of the patient. The issue of human dignity carry a lot of weight, and emotion to individuals and this notion seem to lack a ground of the argument and its discussion. Euthanasia discussion is often limited to the justification of the arguments while those criticize the argument see it as a matter of principle. We all do not dispute that euthanasia is a form of killing whether assisted death or self-killing but controversy arise when some say it is good death. As such the palliative care raise the concern of legalizing euthanasia claiming that it would be the start of a slippery slope that will result in harm to the vulnerable. Although euthanasia (legalized) and palliative care are ethical medical behavior, they both raise opposing viewpoints. This is because palliative care pays special attention to a spiritual concept which draws the meaning of life and its care from. It, therefore, views euthanasia as wrong claiming life is only taken from an individual when the time is right, and nature takes its course. The main objective of palliative care id o control and alleviate pain, but they feel that enough care is not given to the patient and therefore euthanasia should not be considered. On the contrary, palliative care helps in relieving pain but does not prevent human suffering making it unbearable. In the argument for the concept, euthanasia was legalized in some countries of instance Dutch and Euthanasia Act was passed and came into effect in 2001, and here it was to regulate the ending of the life of a patient suffering unbearably and without any hope of relief (Strinic, Visnja pg3). Here the euthanasia becomes of great relief to the patient as it reduces the unbearable suffering and shortening the period that would be taken while suffering until his or her death. Here the also the patient voluntarily request for euthanasia and it is performed with the help of medical care and attention. Euthanasia is a vital insurance policy which ensures that no one dies a painful death or dies in agony as well as protecting those that are vulnerable from wrongful death and thus enabling a peaceful death with dignity. Also, in favor of the argument, euthanasia helps in protecting the autonomy of the patient where the patient feels that they are the carries of their lives and they can make a decision or a choice that will be respected. Also, it reduces needless pain and suffering (Murkey, and Konsam pg93). In this case, there is chronic disease that has been proven to have no cure and have different stages the patient may be going through unbearable suffering in death bed and instead of suffering they choose to go for euthanasia. Moreover, euthanasia provides a psychological reassurance to the dying patient. That is, through the help of the bioethicists the patients is well prepared for a peaceful death and this also prepares the family of the patient and those close to the patient. Since the family is also affected, preparing them for the death of the patient in a peaceful war reduces the degree of emotional torture or pain that would be subjected to the family. Despite its benefits, euthanasia should be the last option hen all the medical treatments have failed. The medical treatments should only be withdrawn if the patient is terminally ill and the condition is beyond control. A terminal ill patient in most cases have very unbearable pain, and the treatment used to reduce pain can change the consciousness leading to the patient having sleepless nights a changed state of mind and such a painful death, and this is what euthanasia prevents the patient from suffering. However, the largest number of individuals and states argue against euthanasia. One, most individuals finds this as a practice that undermines the role of the health practitioners as well as breaking the trust of the public on the health practitioners. For instance, if the medical professional is involved in euthanasia the relationship between the patient and the doctor is destabilized, and the society at large are unable to trust their lives with the health workers. The role of the doctor has historically been seen as to protect and save the lives of the patient through the provision of the best treatment available and not to commit the good death. The palliative care do not favour this argument in that the practitioners feel it as their right to support and provide care and there is no need to hasten an individuals life. They argue that pain and suffering of an individual can be controlled at all levels and the few whose pain goes beyond control, administration of euthanasia should be justified to take away the life of an individual. The palliative care claim that a total tranquillity can be used to alleviate the pain of the patient (Strinic, Visnja p7). The public fund has been one of the options that can always be adapted to prevent patients from dying as most individuals do not access total quality health care due to lack of finances and this results to neglecting an individual or the administration of euthanasia. Those against euthanasia be lieve that euthanasia is actively killing an individual and legalizing it gives the doctor the right to take away the lives of individuals in the name of euthanasia. Accepting euthanasia weakens the respect for the sacredness of life as well as promoting inequality in that some lives are seen as worthy than those of others. It may not be as autonomy as it may be claimed as the biometrics may influence one to decide on euthanasia. Legalizing it, therefore, means that the society stands on a slippery slope and killing of those deemed undesirable in the society will be inevitable (Strinic, Visnja p10). It will also be violating the principle of the health workers whose main goal is to preserve human life. The practice also gives too much power to the doctors, and this would mean that administering it will be violating the moral behavior in the society by ending life. Considering the two sides of the coin, I would stand by supporting euthanasia as a biomedical ethics. This is because it is a disrespect to a dying patient to keep him or her for a prolonged life in pain and unbearable suffering. In my opinion, it is a way of upholding ones right to life by respecting and honoring their right to die. We are all on the same journey and, therefore, we all should have the right to have a dignified death. Moreover, respecting ones autonomy calls for not to be suffering in pain. It is important also to consider the emotional connectedness of an individual with those around him and how a terminal illness can cause havoc to them. Not only are the family member suffering emotionally, but it has been proven to be a burden t them to take care of the patient especially those that are financially in crisis. The terminally ill patient also may find their treatment of less value and thus considering euthanasia. Conclusively euthanasia has raised a lot of argument with the opponents and proponents having to justify their stand. Notably, it has both its positive and negative side since life value is incomparable. It should, therefore, be considered if no cure is achieved and the patient suffering is unbearable. I believe it should be considered by all the countries but not at the expense of threatening ones life if the condition of the patient does not call for too much attention. The medical practitioners and the professional, the researchers and the government should, therefore, consider working together in lying the benefits and disadvantage of euthanasia before fully legalizing it. Work Cited Fletcher, Joseph F. Morals and Medicine: the moral problems of the patients right to know the truth, contraception, artificial insemination, sterilization, euthanasia. Princeton University Press, 2015.Murkey, P. N., and Konsam Suken Singh. Euthanasia [mercy killing]. (2008). Strinic, Visnja. Arguments in Support and Against Euthanasia. (2015).

Janet Spitler

Senior Educational Consultant/ Author Janet Spitler, IEW's Senior Educational Consultant, heads up our efforts to support full-time schools with ongoing training, teacher mentoring, telephone contact, and classroom-specific materials. Having experienced the opportunities and possibilities of a classroom setting, Janet shares her experience of building a linguistically rich environment to develop a love for language and a community of learners. While she cherishes the time she spent influencing students and parents, today she applies that same dedication to the classroom teachers who use this method. She has abundant classroom experience, knows our program thoroughly, and is accredited as an IEW ® Instructor at the highest level. Janet's Blog Products: Classroom Supplement and Lesson Plans (Levels A, B, and C) Models for Imitation Teacher's Manuals  (Levels A, B, and C) Audio Talks: Galloping through Grading Debunking the Egalitarian Myth Video: Primary Materials Orientation Grades 3-12 Materials Orientation Articles: Out of the Mouths of Students Harnessing the Power of Parent Participation with One Activity Success in Schools A Tale of Two Schools Turning an Enemy into an Ally Interviews: What Teachers Love—Freedom: An Administrator Interview When Good Theory Meets Best Practice—IEW's Featured Teacher: Mrs. Jackie Hammond (Kindergarten) Adam Bautista’s Story:  How IEW built confidence, competence, and an engaging culture in a 4th-grade classroom Work Smarter, Not Harder—IEW's Featured Teacher: Mrs. Andrea Pewthers (7th–9th Grade Teacher)

Public Health Campaign For Fight Hiv / Aids - 864 Words

Core question: Imagine you are a fledgling medical anthropologist in Africa. What are the key points in your public health campaign to fight HIV/AIDS? HIV is a virus that causes the disease of AIDS that damages your immune system. HIV is manageable, but cannot be cured. There are many ways to prevent HIV from happening. Some of the ways to prevent HIV is to be tested, being tested is the safest way not to transmit the virus and it can prevent infection to others. Another way is to get educated, getting involved in programs that teaches about HIV/AIDS can educate people to prevent it. 1. Think back to the information we covered last week on ethnocentrism. How does our understanding of HIV/AIDS in Africa tend to be ethnocentric? [5 pts.] Many ethnocentric people tend to believe that Africans are HIV positive because of the way that they are living. Some might think that Africans have most HIV because of their race, and they might think that they are rapist, also they might think of the many off and on relationships. This is a wrong way of thinking because these ethnocentric people are not educated about African culture, Africans are sometimes born with the disease and they are poor and cannot treat there disease. 2. List describe at least 5 cultural traditions within which HIV/AIDS transmission occurs in Africa. You will be identifying the cultural context of the biological mechanisms by using a holistic approach. [10 pts] †¢ Sexual Intercourse is a sexual contact between aShow MoreRelatedThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the deadliest pandemics the world has ever known. Unprecedented efforts and resources have been mobilized to fight the infection worldwide. While obvious progress has been made, HIV infection still hit hard and the field of public health continues actively to raise awareness about this issue and help affected people. Public health professionals constantly look for new ways to reach high-risk populations, butRead MoreThe Fight Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( Hiv / Aids )1714 Words   |  7 PagesUganda in the past has been at the forefront of the fight against Human immunodeficiency virus infection - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Africa and it became one of the earliest success stories (USAID 2004). However, the HIV-AIDS prevalence rates have been rising again drastically since 2011. Uganda now seeks for â€Å"Preventive Measures† lessons from other countries that had used it before as â€Å"a learning and reference point† (Monitor Uganda, May 8, 2013). 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In addition, the paper depicts how the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) has been able to incorporate the 10 essential public health services in its fight against HIV disease. The paper will discuss the assessment of the HIV disease situation in Chicago neighborhoods; policy development by the Chicago Department of Public Health and the assurance that Read MoreHiv / Aids Impact And Intervention1538 Words   |  7 PagesHIV/AIDS Impact and Intervention Group Research Assignment Russia 1. General background and statistics Physical Geography : the largest country in the world in size, with an area of more than 6.6 million square miles. Location : Northern Asia and Eastern Europe. Total Population : about 144 million citizens. Demographic : Russian 81.5%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 3%, Chuvash 1.2%, Bashkir 0.9%, Belarusian 0.8%, Moldavian 0.7%, other 8.1% (Russia - Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette) MajorRead MoreCollaborative Learning Community : Case Study1097 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study 1 Many men and many women have said before that they don t believe that there s HIV in Africa HIV in Africa Most of them have passed away cause they refused to hear the voice The voice of warning, voice of warning Cause the voice of warning said If you really want to play you better play it safe It’s better not to play but if you want to play Use a condom so you ll never go wrong (Stay alive (HIV theme song), 2003) In Africa, music is an effective form of â€Å"edutainment† (Barz Cohen, 2011Read MoreEnhancing Public Health Conditions in Kenya: Fight Against Malaria1171 Words   |  5 Pagesone of the East African countries faces many public health concerns. It has a population of about 40 million people and 42 ethnic groups. It faces many socio-cultural issues that threaten public health. Other concerns include inadequacy of health care facilities in Northeastern Kenya, malnutrition and high levels of illiteracy. Likewise, other issues bedeviling public health include population growth, road accidents, infectious diseases (such as Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria) and poor maternal careRead MoreHiv And The Hiv Epidemic1129 Words   |  5 PagesThe AIDS epidemic, from its beginning, has elicited a variety of responses from individuals and governments alike. Because the disease was originally shrouded in such mystery, many did not know how to react, which fostered a default fear of the un known response. This attitude lead to many governments adopting a denialist policy, countless individuals living and eventually dying alone due to an unwillingness to report their illness for fear of consequence or prejudice, and this allowed the HIV virus

The University Of District Of Columbia Community College...

Community Colleges were developed with the purpose of providing an affordable and accessible education. By providing students with both academic and learning skills, community colleges continue to remain an essential part of today’s society. Throughout the years, community colleges have continued to develop and transform to provide resources to meet the needs of their students. As new community colleges began to develop, it is critical that they are aware of the political issues that community colleges face. For this assignment, I will discuss the University of District of Columbia Community College and its governance. In addition, I will provide information on federal and local government involvement, leadership structure, political culture, student demographics, and community groups. Lastly, I will provide recommendations on how to address the issue of governance. History of University of District of Columbia Community College In 2008, a push by Barbra Long was made to establish a community college in Washington, DC. The reason for this push was to train residents of DC to be equipped with skills to allow them careers in the workforce, which would aid in tax dollars and assisting with decreasing dependency on city resources by individuals whom lacked skills (Molzt, 2008). In 2009, it was announced that a community college under the name Community College of the District of Columbia would be formed to serve the needs of residents of the District of Columbia.Show MoreRelatedWashington Dc And How The Location Of Howard University1330 Words   |  6 Pages I would like to go to medical school. I’ve always wanted to attend Howard College of Medicine. Primarily, because of the program they have there and the fact that they focus on serving underserved communities. With that, I also really love the location of the school. 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Sociology A Wide Range Of Human Society Essay - 1477 Words

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The five topics that I have interested in the most are: deviance, primary group, secondary group, minority group, because I’ve been through those situations personally and experience the value of it. Throughout the course, I’ve learned many valuable lessons and topics that highly related and useful to my daily life. However, topic that related to minority group had my most interest because I am belong to a minority group myself. According to Henslin, minority group are people singled out of for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination. Being an immigrant myself, I had experienced so much obstacles through outShow MoreRelatedSociology : The Function Of Sociology951 Words   |  4 PagesSociology Observation Essay Sociology is the study of development and functioning of humans in society, in other words how a person reacts in a certain situation. 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Memory- A ToK Essay - 663 Words

Memory ‘Memory – like liberty – is a fragile thing’ – Elizabeth Loftus. What does this statement suggest about memory as a way of knowing in the pursuit of ethical knowledge? Loftus suggests that memory, like liberty (i.e. freedom), is something that can easily be manipulated due to its delicate nature. The title assumes that we can recall on past events in order to draw reasonable conclusions surrounding ethical issues. In order to understand the question raised in the title more easily it could be rephrased as follows; ‘Is memory a reliable way of knowing when drawing conclusions based on ethical matters?’. There are weaknesses when looking at only one way of knowing because it prevents us from having a comprehensive understanding of†¦show more content†¦An example of this would be the ‘Lost In The Mall’ study; subjects were given narratives of events from their childhood, provided by family members. But, one of these narratives was a fictional story of how they got lost in a mall as a child. Because they were told repeatedly in a very convincing manner that these events really did happen, 25% of participants were ab le to ‘remember’ the false event, i.e. they believed a delusion. This proves just how easily memories can be influenced and changed, and so makes me believe that using memory alone as a way of knowing is an inadequate method in which to judge ethical issues. This title led me to develop me own knowledge question: ‘Is memory an accurate way of knowing when looking at events of the past?’ The ‘Survival School Interrogation’ study explains clearly why I believe that memory is an inadequate way of knowing when looking at past events. US soldiers were subjected to abusive interrogation techniques and afterwards were asked to identify their interrogator. 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Financial Management Business Organization

Question: Describe about the Financial Management for Business Organization. Answer: Introduction This study deals with discussion on financial and non-financial strengths and weakness for any business organization. These attributes are utilized by business firm in accordance with their past strategies for solving their problems as far as possible. Financial and non-financial information are present in every organization that should be analyzed by financial analyst so that current problems can be solved in the most appropriate way (Weil et al., 2013). The present study clearly explains attributes on financial strengths and weakness, and non-financial strength and weakness prevailing in any business organization. Summary of financial and non-financial strengths and weakness of the firm with company strategies for solving problems According to Pratt (2013), determining the financial strengths by looking at the mission statement of business organization as well as assessing the current financial position This will help in determine whether particular business organization is strong enough for standing for making further improvements in their financial activities. Financial strength further means anything that can positively reinforce for viewing at the current financial situation for goal achievement for financial mission statement in the upcoming financial year. Business organization should examine the areas for close attention regarding income, debt as well as positive monthly cash flow activities (Weil et al., 2013). If any particular organization has better current ratio, then it proves business firm can easily meet the short-term obligations as and when required. Henderson et al., (2015) opined that business organization required to identify weakness that making them unable to reach future financial goals. It can be a lack of income or earning potential attributes in the near future. Identifying of weakness and working on those areas will help business organization attain organizational goals and objectives as far as possible (Weil et al., 2013). As far as non-financial strengths are concerned, it deals with non-financial terms like rewards, recognition for the employees. This recognition is one of the motivating factors that make business organization achieve huge profits with their human resources. Human Resource in form of employees is one of the real assets for the organization (Deegan, 2013). Therefore, business enterprise should make proper use of these unique resources by addressing their grievances on timely manner. Employees should be given enough recognition if they perform extraordinary good that leads to generation of revenue for companies. Non-financial weakness can be termed as misutilization of power by the employees working for any business organization. Manager should never be a part of bias activities or favoritism in rewarding any kind of employee (Weil et al., 2013). It may happen sometime that deserving employees are not rewarded and leads to negative impact on other employees mind as well. Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that financial and non-financial information help business organization in achieving their goals and objective. Annual reports render detailed analysis on any business financial and nom-financial information for future analysis purpose. Information regarding financial resources helps in understanding the profitability, liquidity as well as efficiency position of business organization. Reference List Deegan, C. (2013). Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Howieson, B. (2015). Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Pratt, J. (2013). Financial accounting in an economic context. Wiley Global Education. Weil, R. L., Schipper, K., Francis, J. (2013). Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning.

Overpopulation the enviroment Essay Example For Students

Overpopulation the enviroment Essay OVERPOPULATION THE ENVIROMENT I believe that the actual number of humans that live on this earth is the problem rather than how we live on the earth. We should develop new processes of growing, disposing, etc, to overcome our viral tendencies. Overpopulation is becoming one of the most preeminent problems facing human civilization. This complicated, pervasive issue is a problem of the utmost importance for people of all races, religions, and nationalities. Our planet now provides for approximately 5. 8 billion people, with projections of around 10 billion by the year 2050. Two billion of these are extremely poor, the poorest of which live in absolute poverty and misery. global environment. Increasing amounts of food, energy, water, and shelter are required to fulfill the needs of human society. Much of our energy is derived from the burning of fossil fuels releasing millions of tons of toxins into the atmosphere. The amount of land required for food production will grow increasingly larger, while the amount of available land will grow increasingly smaller. The affects of overpopulation on human society are numerous. Suffering from a lack of resources, people are often driven to war when they become too populated for their available resources. Ethnic and racial differences will grow increasingly frequent and irresolvable. Increasing numbers in urban areas will lower quality of life in cities around the world. The complications of this complex issue are unlimited. Factors such as poverty, food distribution, and government corruption are all important aspects. No one will be unaffected by the repercussions of an overpopulated world, unless we stop the destruction and corruption now. With our endless need of new information, we should be able to develop unique process to end these problems. I strongly believe that the actual number of humans populating the earth is the problem rather than how humans live on this earth. Bibliography Carlis, Barry (unknown). The Black Death. Bubonic plague. November 28, 2001. www.byu.edu/ipt/project/middleages/lifetimes/plague.html Green, H. Sarah; Finen, D. Enzo (January 4, 1982). The great pestilence. Winhboro, Illinois. Random House, Inc. Soto, Patricia (October 28, 1994). Plague and public health in renaissance Europe. November 26,2001. www.iath.virgina.edu/osheim/plaguein.html Snell, Melissa (July 18, 1998). Medieval History. December 3, 2001. http://historymedren.miningco.com/library/weekly/aa032698.htm .

How true is the claim by some Western scholars that Islam is on a collision course with the West and is inherently inimical to the modern age we live in Essay Example

How true is the claim by some Western scholars that Islam is on a collision course with the West and is inherently inimical to the modern age we live in? Essay Samuel Huntington’s book The Clash of Civilizations has evoked a broad range of responses from political commentators both in the United States as well as abroad. Huntington asserts that the fall of Berlin Wall in 1989 had marked a new beginning in the history of international politics. While prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 major ideological, geo-political and economic conflicts were carried out on the European stage, the end of the Cold War has changed the dynamics and motivations of international conflicts. In the prevailing world order, the fight for supremacy in the realms of ideology, material wealth and territorial conquest have become secondary to the assertion of ‘civilizations’. Civilization as a term in historical discourse can be difficult to define, but Huntington narrows down the scope of this term. According to the author, of all the constituent elements that comprise a particular civilization, its identification with religion, ethnicity and culture form the core. A civilization’s affiliation with these elements is more enduring and resistant to change than its propensity for change, say, in the economic and ideological domains. Huntington correctly points out that in the hundred years before the end of Cold War there have been radical transformations from monarchy to communism to democracy, from liberal capitalism to stringent economic protectionism, and vice versa across the globe. Not only have there been numerous instances of such changes but have also oscillated from one extreme to another. Amid all this churning, the only abstract conception with which peoples in different parts of the world could identify with is their ‘civilization’. The thesis put forth by scholars such as Huntington, Fukuyama (1998), Kepel (2002) and Lewis (2002) have a degree of merit. But a closer scrutiny will reveal some blatant flaws. Edward Said, for instance, raises some valid points of rebuttal in his polemical essay titled ‘The Clash of Ignorance’. Foremost among Said’s objections is the absence of a concrete definition for terms such as the West, Oriental, Occidental, Islam, etc. While indigenous peoples of different parts of the world developed their own unique customs, traditions, language and schools of religious thought, there is much overlap between different civilizations. In other words, the common humanity between civilizations is a potent unifying force that is not given due recognition by Huntington and his allies. Instead, Said accuses Huntington of playing up superficial differences between cultural communities, which do not hold up against rigorous longitudinal studies of cultural interactions. Furthermore, as a result of the long history of trade and exchange of goods between civilizations, aspects of culture and religion have also moved across geo-political entities. A study of demographic composition of many European countries will reveal the presence of communities from every religious and cultural background. In countries such as France and Italy, Muslims comprise a substantial minority, despite being located on the wrong side of the fault line. The same is true, albeit to a lesser extent, in Britain and the United States too. Said expresses this fact thus: We will write a custom essay sample on How true is the claim by some Western scholars that Islam is on a collision course with the West and is inherently inimical to the modern age we live in? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How true is the claim by some Western scholars that Islam is on a collision course with the West and is inherently inimical to the modern age we live in? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How true is the claim by some Western scholars that Islam is on a collision course with the West and is inherently inimical to the modern age we live in? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"Certainly neither Huntington nor Lewis has much time to spare for the internal dynamics and plurality of every civilization, or for the fact that the major contest in most modern cultures concerns the definition or interpretation of each culture, or for the unattractive possibility that a great deal of demagogy and downright ignorance is involved in presuming to speak for a whole religion or civilization.† (Said, 2001) Said’s assertions are attested by the works of scholars such as Seyyed Nasr, John Esposito, Jonathan Bloom and Sheila Blair. They imply that the proposed paradigm of conflict – termed the Clash of Civilizations – is not all that new. The West versus East battle lines of the past have only been redrawn as West versus Rest in the post Cold War world order. Hence, the answer to ‘whether the Islamic world is at the surge of clashes with the West or otherwise’ is clear. In other words, there is much merit to the claim of Eastern scholars, who suggest that â€Å"Islamic societies-like other world cultures influenced by traditional religions- are reacting to the global transformation taking place. The reaction is a mixture of anger, denials, and social tensions. Like Christianity or Judaism, Hinduism or Buddhism, Islam has been adopted for many causes, from modernism to traditionalism, liberalism to conservatism, which may have nothing to do with its or iginal transcendent message of unity and equality before God.† With this renewed understanding of Islam and its socio-political culture, one can begin to look at the common humanity that connects all civilizations and find ways to strengthen it. This is because the universality in humanity is so much stronger than artificial constructs like West, Islam, the Orient, etc. In this critical period in Islam’s history, political leaders from both East and West can adopt a broad policy framework that has ‘tolerance’ at its core. In this context, James Dobbins’ observation in Foreign Affairs journal makes a lot of sense: â€Å"The beginning of wisdom is to recognize that the ongoing war in Iraq is not one that the United States can win. As a result of its initial miscalculations, misdirected planning, and inadequate preparation, Washington has lost the Iraqi people’s confidence and consent, and it is unlikely to win them back. Every day that Americans shell Iraqi cities they lose further ground on the central front of Iraqi opinion† (Dobbins, Jan 2005). While some western scholars have played up differences between civilizations, they seem to underplay major areas of agreement between them. As Wendell Bell correctly points out, human beings are still one single species. And what is universally common to people of all civilizations are things such as love, compassion, a sense of justice, the inclination toward spirituality, etc. And by focusing on what is common to us all would greatly help resolving brewing or persisting conflicts in the political realm. Wendell Bell seems to suggest that the prevalent thesis espoused by western scholars is deficient in its treatment of human universalities. The best manifestation of common human values is seen in the globalization process of today, where indigenous cultures confront, reconcile or assimilate the dominant Western civilization (represented by such corporate symbols as the McDonald and WalMart). The result of this process is the emergence of a truly global culture, which highligh ts the best and universal in human beings while also providing a space for history and tradition to find expression. If peace and harmony are to be lasting features of our world, then solutions are to be found in Wendell Bell’s view of civilizations as opposed to Huntington’s. References: Edward Said, The Clash of Ignorance, retrieved from on 12th May, 2009 Wendell Bell, Humanity’s Common Values: Seeking a Positive Future, Originally published in the September-October 2004 issue of THE FUTURIST. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations?, Chapter 5, The State, p.203-209. Originally from Foreign Affairs, 72, no.3 (summer 1993): 22-49. Dobbins, James, Iraq: Winning the Unwinnable War, Foreign Affairs, January, 2005. Quoc-Benjamin, Nguyen Tang Le Huy. Women, Democracy and Islam. UN Chronicle, Dec2004-Feb2005, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p38-39. Sirriyeh, Elizabeth. The Rights of Women in Islam. Journal of Beliefs Values: Studies in Religion Education, Oct99, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p261.

The Basics of Sample of Report Essay SMM

The Basics of Sample of Report Essay SMMWhether you are a teacher or an administrator and you have to write a report on a student's academic progress, you need to learn the fundamentals of using sample of report essay SMM. There are many ways to present reports like essays are a great way to help students learn about the subject matter.In essay writing, you want to explain your point in your own words and at the same time bring the reader's mind to some other ideas or information. The different types of essays are essay, report, and narrative. A narrative is a different form of essay where the writer presents an entire story that contains a beginning, middle, and end.There are different ways to present a report. Using a report essay SMM you can show yourself as a leader of some kind. It is important to be fair and genuine in your point of view and make the reader want to know more about your subject. Through presenting this type of report, it is important to include facts and figures that relate to your topic and also add in new information and perspectives to this topic.In writing a report, it is important to always express your opinion and how you would like the students' ideas and opinions to impact upon the rest of the class. The instructor will learn from this and will see you are a serious and skillful writer. By taking the time to gather facts and data, a student may be able to build a better argument or idea in their mind, which can be applied towards the final report.A Report essay SMM is not just for teachers to use. It is a great learning tool for those who love writing but hate writing papers. Use these basics to create a different type of essay or report that the students will want to carry back to class. You may be surprised to learn the students they actually find more interesting than your traditional essay.Students do love stories and when it comes to learning about the past, it is very easy to tell a good story. Your report essay SMM should al ways start with a strong narrative. This is where the professors will see your potential and if you choose the right introduction, you can be on your way to getting a solid grade.There are many different types of report essay SMM available. Choose one that fits your style and skills. While there are no right or wrong answers, be sure to choose the format that you will enjoy the most.Remember, it is important to understand the different methods and techniques that students need to help them achieve their individual learning goals. The best way to do this is to ask them to choose from a variety of options. No matter what it is you want to teach, you can be sure that it will be done in a way that students will benefit from.

Computer Monitors essays

Computer Monitors essays The most used output device on a computer is the monitor. The display provides instant feedback by showing text and graphic images. Most desktop computers use cathode ray tube displays. Portable computers use liquid crystal display (LCD). LCD monitors are now beginning to replace CRTs. This is due to a slimmer design and a use of less energy (How Stuff Works). IBM introduced the Color Graphics Adapter (CGA) in 1981. It was capable of rendering four colors. It had a maximum resolution of 320 pixels horizontally by 200 pixels vertically. In 1984 the Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) was introduced. This allowed 16 different colors. Its resolution was increased to 640x350 pixels. This improved the appearance of the display (PC Tech). The Video Graphics Array (VGA) was introduced in 1987. VGA monitors are still in use today. This is a standard established to provide higher pixel addressability. The VGA consists of seven sub-systems, including: graphics controller, display memory, serializer, attribute controller, sequencer and CRT controller (PC Tech). The graphics controller can perform logical functions on data being written to display memory. Display memory is a bank of 256k DRAM divided into four 64k color planes. It is used to store screen display data (How Stuff Works). The serializer takes display data from the display mem ory and converts it to a serial bit stream which is sent to the attribute controller. The attribute controller contains the color look up table which determines what color will be displayed for a given pixel value in display memory (PC Tech). The Extended Graphics Array (XGA) came about in 1990. Its resolution in true color is 800x600 pixels, and 1024x768 in 65,536 colors (How Stuff Works). The size of your display is determined by aspect ratio and the screen size. Most displays use an aspect ratio of 4:3 (How Stuff Works). The projection surface of the display is called the screen...

Prison Life and Strategies to Decrease Recidivism Research Paper

Prison Life and Strategies to Decrease Recidivism - Research Paper Example One of the concerns that a person encounters upon entering prison is the lack of freedom to seek the health care provider one desires. The condition inside prison cells, such as congested spaces, limited movement, the mixture of cultures, etc. might have a toll upon the mental and physical health of an inmate. Thus, adequate health service must be provided inside the prison so that the health of the prisoner can be adequately managed. The Bureau of Prisons provides four levels of medical care to which inmates are assigned by the Designation and Sentence Computation Center (DSCC) based on the information gathered from the investigation report. Upon arrival at the facility, the provisional care for the inmate is reviewed by the prison clinicians. Non-provisional care is assigned depending on the needs of the inmate, which takes into consideration the ability to function without assistance from another (Ellis, 2008). Provision of medical care to inmates also varies depending sentence or status of the case. Thus, inmates whose sentence has not been read, those with the sentence below 12 months, or pre-trial inmates are not eligible to â€Å"medically appropriate-not always necessary† health service, â€Å"limited medical value,† as well as â€Å"extraordinary† service. Some categories of illnesses such as cancer, HIV, diabetes, etc. may also determine the type of care that may be given to the inmate.The medical services provided by the Bureau are determined by the following levels of medical intervention.

Grief and loss and special populations Annotated Bibliography Term Paper

Grief and loss and special populations Annotated Bibliography - Term Paper Example As such, the annotated bibliography presented below contains books and journal articles that include diverse perspectives on healing and providing support for the bereaved. This is a valuable book written by two people belonging to different backgrounds and bringing their diverse perspectives into their book. Susan Zonnebelt-Smeenge, being a clinical psychologist at Pine Rest Mental Health Services in the US and also a registered social worker brings to light the practical aspects of dealing with the loss of a spouse and in overcoming the grief through active and deliberate healing actions. Her husband, Robert C. De Vries teaches church education at Calvin Theological Seminary and conducts seminars for overcoming bereavement and loss. Together, the two authors are able to provide an intimate perspective on how Christian faith and conscious effort from the griever can lead to total overcoming of the grief. This book is aimed at people who have suffered a loss of spouse as well as for people like councilors and pastors who are in the position to help them. This book delves into the realm of how people make sense of death and dying with the aim of determining what spiritual and personal support may be needed by them. The book is aimed at people suffering from the loss of their children or spouses. It is an anthology that covers numerous contexts about grief and loss – ranging from Christianity, Buddhism and Native American concepts of loss and grieving to cyberspace and virtual reality and how it shapes our meaning of life and death. The authors of this book are renowned professors like Gary Cox Bendiksen and Stevenson who has numerous articles and papers on death and bereavement. Their wide experience and research with people who are left behind in case of death of a loved one, makes this book an intimate revelation of the process and means of grieving that are adopted in

Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategy - Assignment Example 2) According to Wal-Mart, it needs substantial brands to form associations with it in order to attract affluent customers and also have a tendency of increasing peripheral business by selling other commodities. Therefore, forming associations with Levis’ allows it to attach a designer brand name with it that is accepted and received well in affluent customer’s segment. 3) Considering this case study, Wal-Mart has an edge over Levis’ in this corporate strategic alliance. This is so because Levis’ needs Wal-Mart for its business expansion as its own showrooms and other smaller retail networks have been proven incapable of attracting major customer base. Secondly, Levis’ has made considerable capital investment along with extensive business restructuring to suit Wal-Mart’s model. Therefore, Levis’ is dependent on Wal-Mart for cost-recovery and further business revival. Whereas Wal-Mart has a tendency of switching to other suppliers who wi ll offer better profit margins without incurring much liability. Therefore, Wal-Mart has a greater bargaining power as compared to Levis’. 4) Wal-Mart follows a broad target/ cost leadership generic strategy (Porter, 1980). It has multiple product lines that cater to every demographic segment. Furthermore, it has an extensive retail model with around 9000 stores worldwide. Such extensive network makes it a premium choice of suppliers due to which it has a greater bargaining power to persuade suppliers for providing their products at considerably low prices, as compared to other retail stores. 5) ‘Barriers to entry’ is an edge used by various leading market players to create obstacles for preventing new competitors from easily entering into market, industry or particular area (Sullivan & Sheffrin, 2003). Wal-Mart has developed a state of art automated system that is synched with its suppliers through point-of –sale mechanism. Therefore, the moment a product is bought, a supplier is notified which results into timely product delivery. As a result, customers prefer to stay with Wal-Mart since they know that their desired product will be available readily. This strong link with suppliers requires higher switching cost which is difficult to incur for its competition. As a result, their customers would also prefer Wal-Mart over them (Competing with information technology, n.d). 6) Value chain constitutes of following activities along with examples from Wal-Mart’s case study: Production- No self-production, acting as a retailer Production Management- Inventory management Quality Management- Extensive IT network and huge workforce Marketing & Sales- Sales teams dealing with suppliers General management- store management, venue management Marketing and sales management- Sales team heads dealing with suppliers in a particular industry Accounting and Finance- In-house finance department performing general accounting, forecasting etc. Res earch and development- Constant acquisition of market intelligence and tools to make IT its niche. Human Resource Management- Extensive handling of employees’ daily attendance, payroll, deployment etc (IMA, 1996). 7) Out of all the above mentioned activities, production management is the most important activity. Although Wal-Mart is a

Racism in the south Essay -- essays research papers fc

Antebellum is defined at Dictionary.com as "Belonging to the period before a war, especially the American Civil War."1 In the Antebellum period in the South, many people owned slaves. In the south, plantations were "the most basic unit and the most vital element of the Southern antebellum economy."2 But at the heart of these plantations were the slaves. So vicariously, the slaves of the South were the most vital part of the Southern economy. Slaves, although taken from Africa, were still able to hold onto their religious traditions and beliefs. They would incorporate their traditions into the Christian belief structure that the south had already setup. They kept their dances, chants, songs, etc. by disguising them into their master's religion, thereby ensuring that it would be passed down from generation to generation. The slaves weren't treated as even close to equals to their masters. Their masters would live in the mansion of the plantation, while the slaves would dwell in recklessly built cabins that were separated from the rest of the plantation. These quarters were where the African American culture began to take shape. They began to be inspired to want what the white man wanted, and what they were denied. Slave labor was handed out by what each slave itself was capable of. If a slave were to finish a job early, he would be able to get the rest of the day off for recreational purposes. Not only that, but if a slave were to finish two jobs in one day, then he would receive the next day off. This day was commonly referred to as a "Holiday." This rewards system created a more competitive edge to work in the fields, making the slave production increase. This also made the slaves more content, and less persuaded to run. On the other hand, there were punishments also. "Exceptional misbehavior also warranted the attention of the slavemaster and his wrath."2 The beatings, whippings, etc. were unpredictable. The beatings didn't need an explanation. It wasn't like the law was going to step in, because it was your property and you could do whatever you wanted with it. It would be like if you were to throw your computer out of a 10-story window. Its your property and you can do whatever you want with it. That was their view on slaves at the time. The plantation owners primarily bought the male... ...s."3 Most slaves worked on plantations, but about 20% of the slave population of the south worked in the cities. They often were only domestics, but they sometimes were tradesmen. Some were sold out to other people for a day or up to several years. Obviously nobody likes to be enslaved, so they did try to slow down the southern economic machine. They would destroy crops, dismantle machinery, slow their work pace, etc. Others went for a more direct approach. They killed or mutilated themselves so that their property value would go down. Thousands of slaves ran away. They would hide in swamps or forests for weeks or months. Some escaped to the north where they would be free. Slavery in the south was the economic heart. The slaves were treated as if they weren't human, and were only property. The Antebellum period in the South was an important period in history. It will never be forgotten. Sources Cited 1 URL: http://www.cc.colorado.edu/Dept/HY/HY243Ruiz/Research/Antebellum.html 2 URL: http://www.dictionary.com/search?q=Antebellum 3 URL: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2956.html Racism in the south Essay -- essays research papers fc Antebellum is defined at Dictionary.com as "Belonging to the period before a war, especially the American Civil War."1 In the Antebellum period in the South, many people owned slaves. In the south, plantations were "the most basic unit and the most vital element of the Southern antebellum economy."2 But at the heart of these plantations were the slaves. So vicariously, the slaves of the South were the most vital part of the Southern economy. Slaves, although taken from Africa, were still able to hold onto their religious traditions and beliefs. They would incorporate their traditions into the Christian belief structure that the south had already setup. They kept their dances, chants, songs, etc. by disguising them into their master's religion, thereby ensuring that it would be passed down from generation to generation. The slaves weren't treated as even close to equals to their masters. Their masters would live in the mansion of the plantation, while the slaves would dwell in recklessly built cabins that were separated from the rest of the plantation. These quarters were where the African American culture began to take shape. They began to be inspired to want what the white man wanted, and what they were denied. Slave labor was handed out by what each slave itself was capable of. If a slave were to finish a job early, he would be able to get the rest of the day off for recreational purposes. Not only that, but if a slave were to finish two jobs in one day, then he would receive the next day off. This day was commonly referred to as a "Holiday." This rewards system created a more competitive edge to work in the fields, making the slave production increase. This also made the slaves more content, and less persuaded to run. On the other hand, there were punishments also. "Exceptional misbehavior also warranted the attention of the slavemaster and his wrath."2 The beatings, whippings, etc. were unpredictable. The beatings didn't need an explanation. It wasn't like the law was going to step in, because it was your property and you could do whatever you wanted with it. It would be like if you were to throw your computer out of a 10-story window. Its your property and you can do whatever you want with it. That was their view on slaves at the time. The plantation owners primarily bought the male... ...s."3 Most slaves worked on plantations, but about 20% of the slave population of the south worked in the cities. They often were only domestics, but they sometimes were tradesmen. Some were sold out to other people for a day or up to several years. Obviously nobody likes to be enslaved, so they did try to slow down the southern economic machine. They would destroy crops, dismantle machinery, slow their work pace, etc. Others went for a more direct approach. They killed or mutilated themselves so that their property value would go down. Thousands of slaves ran away. They would hide in swamps or forests for weeks or months. Some escaped to the north where they would be free. Slavery in the south was the economic heart. The slaves were treated as if they weren't human, and were only property. The Antebellum period in the South was an important period in history. It will never be forgotten. Sources Cited 1 URL: http://www.cc.colorado.edu/Dept/HY/HY243Ruiz/Research/Antebellum.html 2 URL: http://www.dictionary.com/search?q=Antebellum 3 URL: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2956.html

Carol Ann Duffy Notes

The poem closes with reminders of oppression, control and confinement. Possibility that was once limitless for the dolphins now has ‘limits' imposed upon it that will become impossible to bear. The realisation will probably hasten the creatures' death, signalling that there is as much at stake from a psychological perspective as there is from the physical circumstances. Stifling of natural impulse and behaviour can have fatal consequences. The ‘plastic toy' is a further reminder of the indignity visited on this majestic creature of the ocean. The phrase until the whistle blows is potentially ambiguous. In one level it simply refers to the controlling device used by the keeper but on another the poet might be reminding us that this sort of cruelty will continue until somebody exposes it for what it is. Duffy does effectively ‘blow the whistle' on such practices. The final line, with its reference to ‘our mind', neatly links the plural possessive pronoun with the singular noun ‘mind' indicating a collective voice for a species. The tense change to ‘we will' draws attention to the contrast between what the dolphins had, what they have now and can expect in the future. As a result, the dolphins assume an almost mythic status in that they appeal to archetypal impulses in us and in nature; they are not just the creatures who form part of it. ‘The Dolphins' may just as easily be read as a poem about human disillusion, betrayal and loss of direction as it is about animals. As an interpreter of experience it offers us a new language into which we would do well to translate ourselves. Foreign Duffy's preoccupation with language is dealt with here form the perspective of its cultural significance as much as its ability to say anything. To the immigrant, the country to which he or she has moved out of economic necessity will always be ‘foreign' but the indigenous population will regard them as foreigners. The fact that living in a foreign culture is something that is not easy to get used to is emphasised in the opening line of the poem. Despite living in a city for ‘twenty years' it remains ‘strange'. The immigrant is aware of his or her own ‘foreign accent' as it sounds to others. The strain of thinking in one language and having to translate into the speech of another cannot always be sustained and this is sensitively pointed out through the physical detail in the final stanza: ‘And in the delicatessen, from time to time, the coins / in your palm will not translate. ‘ The breakdown in communication in an everyday, exposed transactional situation is intensified through the words ‘Inarticulate' and ‘point'. Duffy's empathic feeling for such people is further expressed in her presentation of other actions such as ‘writing home', a way of maintaining contact with others of the same culture. The ‘local dialect' in the immigrant's ‘head' is coupled with the memory of his or her mother singing. These are details with which any sympathetic person might identify and throw into sharp relief the actual experience of seeing racist graffiti ‘sprayed in red' (line 12). Duffy's use of the simile, ‘Red like blood' to describe the paint is effective because of its monosyllabic directness of observation. It also resonates with a famous and terrible speech given by the Conservative politician Enoch Powell who, on 20th April 1968 warned that increased immigration into Britain would result in a ‘river of blood'. There is, then, a stark contrast between the uses of language as a sign system of cultural inclusion (stanza 2) and its deliberate use as a weapon of racial exclusion (stanza 3). The ‘hate name' of the racists is sprayed on a ‘brick wall' the harshness and unyielding nature of which is symbolic of the mentality of those who do such things. The unfamiliar, snowy weather and artificial ‘neon lights' create the impression for the immigrant that the country moved to is ‘coming to bits'. This image of fragmentation is, though, not entirely imaginary as he or she has a life splintered from all that is familiar and constantly experiences a sense of alienation. The italicised words at the close of the poem give voice to the immigrant but this only gives away a difficulty with English. The unfinished verbs, ‘Me not know' and ‘It like they only†¦' are drawn attention to by Duffy in order that the reader may ponder what it would be like to face the same language problem. The final words of the poem, ‘Imagine that' remind us of the opening and there is quite a clear impression that Duffy is adopting an undisguised didactic stance. As a skilled and empowered user of the English language herself she is drawing attention to the lot of those who are marginalised because of their deficiency in its use. Head of English The poet is introduced to the class by the Head of English who has very fixed views about what poetry should be. As in ‘Comprehensive', the school in question is a multi-ethnic institution. It is significant that the teacher should be dismissing the live woman poet because she does not conform to the Keatsean ideal in the teacher's mind. She is not dead and she is not male. How anyone with ‘English second language' is expected to relate to dead white English men is clearly a challenge laid down in the poem. The five six line stanzas are indicative of a controlled, contained environment, the institution and the teacher are reflected in this. Duffy does not choose to use rhyme throughout (as the teacher predicted) but reserves some obvious rhymes for the teacher to use. This is a very subtle use of a poetic technique to satirise someone who is complaining about its absence from modern poetry. So, simultaneously, Duffy is using a poetic technique to show that the teacher is wrong about it being absent from modern verse whilst showing that the rhyme, being obvious, is the sort needed by the teacher. The reference to Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) is significant for a number of reasons. His poems do rhyme very regularly, and a number of them are redolent of British imperialism and nationalism in the Victorian period. This is actually grossly offensive in a multicultural context. ‘Winds of change' is a wittily ambiguous phrase since it refers to the words of Harold Macmillan, British Prime Minister 1957-63 speaking of political events such as the civil war in the Congo following the granting of independence from Belgium. It also tells us that the teacher is referring to flatulence, as well as reinforcing her own entrenched views. Duffy is ironically drawing attention to the fact that Calliope, ‘the Muse' and source of afflatus, breath of inspiration for poets is interrupted by an unwelcome allusion to noxious gases. The control possible in adopting a persona in the dramatic monologue is clear. Single word sentences, a hallmark of Duffy's verse, work very well in capturing the terse, rude attitude of the teacher. ‘Still. ‘ (stanza 2); ‘Right. ‘ (stanza 4); and ‘Well. Really. ‘ (stanza 5) show that she is singularly unimpressed by what she has heard. Here, it is what is implied by Duffy's economical use of language that is so effective in building an impression of what this woman is like. The idea of someone being in charge of an English Department who cannot see that it is she who actually has the ‘outside' view is worrying. The fact that she devotes a whole lesson to assonance also indicates the deadly boring teaching methods she employs. She obviously teaches technique out of context in the same way that she cannot accept modern poetry as belonging to a literary tradition. Like any poor English teacher she views tradition as something strictly to do with an unreachable past. It is striking that it is the silent space between the fifth and sixth stanzas that the poet has been allowed to read. Despite having encouraged pupils to ask questions ‘after all we're paying forty pounds', the teacher's response to the poet's reading is telling as she instructs the class to ‘run along'. The reader wonders just what ‘insight' the teacher has actually gained. Also, her pupils are unlikely to derive much from her teaching. More worrying, though, are the entrenched attitudes of a person who should not be in charge of the most expansive of subjects studied at school.

Mental Health Issues Are Treated Fairly By The Criminal...

This assignment will examine if individuals with mental health issues are treated fairly by the Criminal Justice System, taking into account the provisions of the Mental Health Act, the roles of professionals within it and the development of how people with mental health disorders are, and have historically been, viewed in society. Individuals with mental illnesses were initially segregated or incarcerated. The West has seen mental health views change as society has developed and medicine advanced. The first asylum dates back to the Bethlam Hospital, in 1247. Early views of society linked mental health (conditions such as epilepsy) to evil forces or witchcraft. It could be argued this was early evidence of labelling and stigma. Society†¦show more content†¦In contrast, the nature vs nature debate heavily influences this subject. Are people born with mental illness or is it developed or is there an overlap between the two? Hans Eysenck argued that there were similarities between how a mental illness is acquired and the development of criminality; schizophrenia is often hereditary, however not all siblings will inherit it and it can be acquired without any hereditary element. Both genetic and social factors, such as drug or alcohol abuse can lead to mental illnesses and as society has developed, the latt er is now much more prevalent. Systematic care was not seen until 19th Century, moving away from institutions to a system that was more segregative, centralised and managed (Rogers, A. Pilgrim, D. 2001). The Victorian era saw scientific theory replacing religious belief around mental illness and psychiatry emerged as a new discipline. The first link between mental and physical illness followed the 1926 Royal Commission on Lunacy and Mental Disorder which stated that Mental and physical illness should now be seen as overlapping and not as distinct . The 1959 Mental Health Act was the first evidence of community care and in the 1960s, following advances in medicine and drug treatment, more focus on rights of individuals, and advances in social science and philosophy combined to start deinstitutionalisation. Treatment for people with mental illness has developed from incarceration in